Isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) microscopically in the rhizosphere of peanut plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33292/ost.v3i2.108Keywords:
Acaulospora, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Gigaspora, GlomusAbstract
Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) merupakan jamur yang bersimbiosis dengan perakaran tumbuhan tingkat tinggi. FMA dapat berperan sebagai agen biokontrol dan biofertilizer. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis FMA pada rhizosfer tanaman kacang tanah di Nagari Sawah Tangah, Kecamatan Pariangan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan sebagai tahapan awal dalam pemanfaatan FMA sebagai agen biokontrol dan biofertilizer. Sebanyak lima sampel tanah diambil menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling. Sampel tanah yang diperoleh disaring menggunakan teknik penyaringan basah. Identifikasi spora FMA dilakukan hingga tingkat genus berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi, yakni bentuk, warna, serta ornamentasi spora. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jumlah spora FMA tertinggi pada rhizosfer tanaman kacang di Nagari Sawah Tangah, Kecamatan Pariangan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar adalah dari genus Glomus (3 tipe), yakni Glomus sp-1 sebanyak 15 spora, Glomus sp-2 sebanyak 12 spora, dan Glomus sp-3 sebanyak 74 spora (total 101 spora). Jumlah tertinggi kedua adalah dari genus Acaulospora (1 tipe) sebanyak 27 spora, sementara jumlah spora FMA terendah adalah dari genus Gigaspora (1 tipe) sebanyak 9 spora per 100 gr sampel tanah.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of higher plants. AMF can act both as biocontrol agent and biofertilizer. This study aims to determine the types of AMF in the rhizosphere of peanut plants in Nagari Sawah Tangah, Pariangan Subdistrict, Tanah Datar Regency, as an initial stage in the application of AMF as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer. Five soil samples were taken using a purposive random sampling technique. The soil samples obtained were then filtered using a wet filtration technique. Identification of AMF spores was carried out at the genus level based on their morphological characteristics, namely shape, color, and spore ornamentation. The results reveal that the highest number of AMF spores in the rhizosphere of peanut plants in Nagari Sawah Tangah, Pariangan Subdistrict, Tanah Datar Regency is from the genus Glomus (3 types), namely Glomus sp-1 with 15 spores, Glomus sp-2 with 12 spores, and Glomus sp-3 with 74 spores (a total of 101 spores). The second highest number is from the genus Acaulospora (1 type) with 27 spores, and the lowest number of AMF spores is from the genus Gigaspora (1 type) with 9 spores per 100 gr of soil sample.
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