Pengaruh unsur hara mikro dan genotipe ubi kayu terhadap morfologi dan produksi pati

Abstract

Lampung sebagai daerah potensial penghasil ubi kayu, pada tahun 2015 turut mencapai produktivitas  264,45 Kuintal/ Ha. Permintaan ubi kayu yang cukup tinggi berpengaruh terhadap industri tapioka. Metabolisme ubi kayu dipengaruhi oleh unsur hara mikro, sehingga berdampak pada pertumbuhan vegetatif dan juga generatif. Lokasi penelitian yang dipilih adalah Desa Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan yang memiliki lahan relatif kering. Pelaksanaan penelitian pada Bulan Juli hingga November 2017. Perlakuan penelitian berupa perbedaan genotipe ubi kayu yaitu UJ3 dan UJ5 yang dipupuk menggunakan Urea, TSP dan KCl serta penambahan pupuk mikro berupa Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, B dan Mo. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang menggunakan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu genotipe dan pupuk mikro dengan dosis 40Kg/Ha. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati pada 7 dan 10 BST berupa tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun sedangkan komponen hasil meliputi bobot umbi, diameter umbi, bobot brangkasan dan kadar pati. Penggunaan genotipe yang berbeda pada tanaman ubi kayu berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar pati dan bobot umbi. Interaksi antara pemberian pupuk mikro dan penggunaan genotipe berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot brangkasan, ukuran diameter umbi, jumlah umbi, jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman.

Lampung as one potencial cassava-producing, in 2015 also achieved a productivity of 264.45 Quintal/Ha. The high demand for cassava affects the tapioca industry. Cassava metabolism is influenced by micro nutrients, so that it has an impact on vegetative and generative growth. The research location chosen was Tanjung Bintang Village, South Lampung which has relatively dry land. The research was start at July to November 2017. The research treatment was in the form of different genotypes of cassava, namely UJ3 and UJ5 which were fertilized using Urea, TSP and KCl as well as the addition of micro fertilizers in the form of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, B and Mo. The experimental used a randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors, namely genotype and micro fertilizer with a dose of 40Kg/Ha. Growth parameters observed at 7 and 10 BST were plant height and number of leaves, while yield components included tuber weight, tuber diameter, stover weight and starch content. The use of different genotypes in cassava had a significant effect on starch content and tuber weight. The interaction between the application of microfertilizers and the use of different genotypes significantly affected the weight of the stover, tuber diameter, number of tubers, number of leaves and plant height.